1. introduction
we aimed to provide a comprehensive estimate of the burden for nutritional deficiencies (including main subcategories) of reproductive women at the global, income,regional, and national levels from 2010 to 2019 through a secondary analysis of the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2019 (gbd 2019). the specific contents of the study included the following: (1) the estimated incidence and disability-adjusted life years (dalys) among women of reproductive age, (2) age-standardized incidence and dalys rates of nutritional deficiencies among women of reproductive age in 2019, (3) trend of age-standardized incidence and dalys rates from 2010 to 2019, and (4) we also explored the correlation between nutritional deficiency incidence among women of reproductive age and gross national income per capita of women themselves and correlation with income difference with men.
2. method
2.1. overview the gbd 2019 study used all available latest sources of epidemiological survey data and optimized standardized methods for comparative assessment of health loss and associated risk factors
2.2. measures two parameters associated with nutritional deficiencies were measured: incidence and dalys.
2.3. gross national income per capita set . in this study, we explored the correlation between the incidence of nutritional deficiencies among reproductive women and gross national income per capita in women and the correlation with the gross national income per capita gap between women and men.
2.4. statistical analyses
2.5. we used a global standard (who 2000–2025) to calculate asrs according to the following equation
y = a bx ∈ and
eapc = 100 × (exp (β) − 1)
3. results
we briefly introduced (a) the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (dalys) trends from 2010 to 2019 and (b) the correlation between sex differences and income levels and nutritional deficiencies of reproductive women firstly. notably, the burden of overall nutritional deficiencies among reproductive women remained generally stable from 2010 to 2019, whereas the iodine and vitamin a deficiencies as a subcategory were associated with increased incidence rates and dalys, respectively.a significant increasing trend occurred in south asia, southeast asia, and turkey for incidence, and western sub-saharan africa and zimbabwe had a strong increase for dalys. further analysis of the correlation between nutritional deficiency incidence and economic capacity showed that they were not correlated with the income of women themselves, as was the result of income difference with men.
